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Book: John
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John 18:28
I. "Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment."
A. In verse 24 we are told that Jesus was taken from Annas to
Caiaphas. Nothing is mentioned by John concerning the trial
before Caiaphas.
1. As we said earlier, it was necessary to bring Jesus
to Caiaphas in order that he might bring him to the
Roman government, for Annas was not recognized by Rome.
2. Matthew tells us concerning the trial before Caiaphas.
MAT 26:57 And they that had laid hold on Jesus led [him] away to Caiaphas
the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were
assembled.
MAT 26:58 But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest's palace,
and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end.
MAT 26:59 Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought
false witness against Jesus, to put him to death;
MAT 26:60 But found none: yea, though many false witnesses came, [yet]
found they none. At the last came two false witnesses,
MAT 26:61 And said, This [fellow] said, I am able to destroy the temple of
God, and to build it in three days.
MAT 26:62 And the high priest arose, and said unto him, Answerest thou
nothing? what [is it which] these witness against thee?
MAT 26:63 But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said
unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us
whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God.
MAT 26:64 Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto
you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right
hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.
MAT 26:65 Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken
blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now
ye have heard his blasphemy.
MAT 26:66 What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death.
MAT 26:67 Then did they spit in his face, and buffeted him; and others
smote[him] with the palms of their hands, Saying, Prophesy unto
us, thou Christ, Who is he that smote thee?
2. It was necessary to bring Him before Rome in order to
get the sentence of crucifixion.
a. Though the Jews on occasion would stone a
person to death, and Rome did not seem to
bother, such as with the case of Stephen, yet
to get a sentence of death by crucifixion was
necessary to go to Rome.
b. Jesus must be crucified in order to fulfill
the prophesies of Psalm 22, and Isaiah 52,
plus His own predictions.
c. He said that the Son of man was to be betrayed
and crucified. Matt. 26:2
d. John 12:32 "And I if I be lifted up, I will
draw all men unto Me." This He said, signifying
what death He should die.
3.Before Caiaphas the charges have now been established
and they can now take Him before Pilate.
a. The charges that they bring before Pilate are
far different from the charges that they
affirmed before the high priest.
b. Before the priest Jesus affirmed that He was
the Messiah, the Son of God. That is when Jesus
was accused of blaspheme, and they said that He
was worthy of death.
c. Before Pilate they will charge Him with
insurrection against Rome, by claiming to be
the king of the Jews.
c. Pilate asked Jesus if He were the King of the
Jews.
B. John tells us, "And it was early."
1. The night before Jesus was with His disciples eating
the Passover supper.
2. From there they went to the Garden of Gethsemene where
they no doubt spent a good deal of time.
3. It was probably after midnight when He was arrested and
taken before Annas, and then Caiaphas. It is now early
in the morning as they bring Jesus to Pilate.
4. The trial before Pilate will take some time, but by
nine in the morning Jesus will be hanging on the cross.
C. "They themselves would not go into the judgment hall, lest they
should be defiled."
1. It was their desire to participate in the Passover
observances, thus to go into the house or place of a
Gentile would make them according to their
understanding of the law unclean.
a. What a paradox, here they are committing the
worse crime in the history of mankind, yet
religiously following the customs of their
religion.
b. They would not want to offend God by entering
into the place of a Gentile, yet they are
crucifying the Son of God.
c. This surely shows us the blindness of
traditional religion.
2. When they would walk down the street, they would hold
their robe close to their body lest the swinging robe
touch a Gentile or a woman, and thus make them unclean.
a. No wonder Jesus railed on them for straining
at a gnat, and swallowing a Camel.
b. He told them that by their traditions they had
made the law of God of no effect.
II. So Pilate came out to them, and inquired as to what accusation they
were bringing against Him.
A. Notice they did not answer the question of Pilate. Instead they
said, "If He were not a malefactor, we would not have brought
Him to you."
B. Pilate came right back to them and said, "Then you take Him and
judge Him by your laws."
1. If they have no charges to prefer against Him, Pilate
was going to have nothing to do with the whole affair.
C. They answered Pilate, "It is not lawful for us to put a man to
death."
1. Now we see their villainy, they are wanting a death
sentence.
2. Not just a death sentence, but a death by crucifixion.
3. In verse 32 John makes a commentary, "That the saying
of Jesus might be fulfilled, which He spake signifying
what death he should die."
MAT 20:19 And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge,
and to crucify [him]: and the third day he shall rise again.
MAT 26:2 Ye know that after two days is [the feast of] the passover, and
the Son of man is betrayed to be crucified.
JOH 3:14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so
must the Son of man be lifted up:
III. "Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus
and said unto Him, Are You the King of the Jews?"
A. This is no doubt the charge that they made against Jesus before
Rome.
1. When a man was crucified, they would put the charges
for which he was crucified above his head on the cross,
to be a warning to others of the penalty of a crime
against Rome.
2. The accusation that was put above the head of Jesus
was, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews."
a. Remember how the priests were upset about the
accusation and came to Pilate, and asked that
it be changed to, He said that He was the King
of the Jews, and Pilate responded, "What I have
written, I have written."
B. Pilate is also asking Jesus to incriminate Himself.
1. Jesus did not at first give to him a yes or no answer,
He asked Pilate, "Do you want to know this for
yourself, or did others tell you of Me?"
2. Again Jesus takes control over the situation, and He
becomes the interrogator.
3. Pilate asked, "Am I a Jew? Your own nation and the
chief priests have delivered you unto Me, what have
You done?"
C. Rather than answering the question, "What have you done?" for
He had done nothing, Jesus went back to the first question,
"Are You the king of the Jews."
1. Jesus answered, "My kingdom is not of this world, if
My kingdom were of this world, then would My servants
fight to keep Me from being delivered to you."
2. There is so much here that I am going to wait until the
next lesson to get into this portion.
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